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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 40(7): 943-948, July 2007. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-455990

ABSTRACT

Asthma is a common chronic illness that imposes a heavy burden on all aspects of the patient's life, including personal and health care cost expenditures. To analyze the direct cost associated to uncontrolled asthma patients, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine costs related to patients with uncontrolled and controlled asthma. Uncontrolled patient was defined by daytime symptoms more than twice a week or nocturnal symptoms during two consecutive nights or any limitations of activities, or need for relief rescue medication more than twice a week, and an ACQ score less than 2 points. A questionnaire about direct cost stratification in health services, including emergency room visits, hospitalization, ambulatory visits, and asthma medications prescribed, was applied. Ninety asthma patients were enrolled (45 uncontrolled/45 controlled). Uncontrolled asthmatics accounted for higher health care expenditures than controlled patients, US$125.45 and US$15.58, respectively [emergency room visits (US$39.15 vs US$2.70) and hospitalization (US$86.30 vs US$12.88)], per patient over 6 months. The costs with medications in the last month for patients with mild, moderate and severe asthma were US$1.60, 9.60, and 25.00 in the uncontrolled patients, respectively, and US$6.50, 19.00 and 49.00 in the controlled patients. In view of the small proportion of uncontrolled subjects receiving regular maintenance medication (22.2 percent) and their lack of resources, providing free medication for uncontrolled patients might be a cost-effective strategy for the public health system.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Asthma/economics , Cost of Illness , Direct Service Costs/statistics & numerical data , Asthma/drug therapy , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 39(2): 83-7, abr.-jun. 1993. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-126626

ABSTRACT

A hipercalcemia é uma das maiores freqüentes manifestaçöes paraneoplásicas, principalmente dentre as neoplasias malignas de pulmäo, mas ainda pouco valorizada em nosso meio. Neste trabalho estudamos a prevalência de hipercalcemia em uma populaçäo de pacientes portadores de tumor de pulmäo que freqüentaram o ambulatório específico da Escola Paulista de Medicina no Hospital Säo Paulo. Foram investigadso 90 pacientes assim distribuídos: 35 carcinomas espinocelulares (CEC), 30 adenocarcinomas (AdenoCa), 11 carcinomas indiferenciados de pequenas células (CIPC), 2 tumores de grandes células (RGC), 1 carcinóide, 1 mesotelioma, 2 indiferenciados, 1 adenoescamoso, 1 carcinoma in situ e 3 tumores metastáticos de origens diversas. Em todos estes pacientes foi dosado Ca ionizado (Ca-i) em amostras de sangue total. Nos pacientes em que se constataram níveis de Ca-i acima do limite de normalidade )>1,29 mmol/L), foram realizadas dosagens de paratormônio (PTH) sérico e AMP cíclico urinário para se afastar um possível hiperparatiroidismo como causa da hipercalcemia. Encontramos níveis de Ca-i elevados (variando de 1,3 a 2,0 mmol/L em 18 destes pacientes (20//), sendo: 12 CEC (66,7//), 3 AdenoCa (16,7//), 2 CIPC (11,1//) e 1 TGC (5,6//). O PTH estava baixo ou suprimido em todos os pacientes hipercalcêmicos, afastando, desta forma, um hiperparatiroidismo. A dosagem de AMP cíclico urinário näo se mostrou útil no diagnóstico diferencial, estando elevada em 6 dos 12 pacientes avaliados. Concluímos ser hipercalcemia um achado bastante comum em pacientes portadores de tumores de pulmäo, principalmente dentre os carcinomas espinocelulares, sendo seu diagnóstico sindrômico e etiológico de grande interesse para melhor tratamento desses pacientes


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Hypercalcemia/epidemiology , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/complications , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Small Cell/complications , Carcinoma, Small Cell/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Small Cell/secondary , Hypercalcemia/etiology , Lung Neoplasms/complications
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